Table of Contents
COMESA ni Iki ?
« Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa » COMESA, uyu muryango wabonye izuba kuwa 8 kigarama 1994, i LILONGWE , muri Malawi, usubiriye icahoze ari » Zone d’échanges préférentiels » ZEP, n’ukuvuga,umuryango w’ akarere , ushingiye kumasezerano agizwe n’ubwigenge bwo kwinjiza no guhanahana ibidandazwa, wari washinzwe mu 1981. COMESA waje ari umuryango ugizwe n’ibihugu n’amareta bumvikanye gushira inguvu hamwe mu guteza imbere urudandazwa hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubutunzi kama ndetse n’abanyagihugu bawo.
Muri uno mwaka wa 2023-2024, umuryango wa Comesa warurongowe n’Umukuru w’igihugu ca Zambiya, Hakainde Hichilema, yashikiriye ayo mabanga kuva kuwa 08 Ruheshi 2023, asubiriye Umukuru w’igihugu ca Egypte. Ibirori vyo kumusubirira bikaba vyabaye kuwa 08 Ruheshi 2023 mu nama igira 22 y’abakuru b’ibihugu n’amareta agize uwo muryango yabereye muri Zambiya.
Muri uyu mwaka wa 2024-2025, Uburundi bukaba aribwo buramukiwe kurongora uwo muryango. Bikaba bitegekanijwe ko
Umukuru w’igihugu c’Uburundi, Evariste Ndayishimiye azoshikira ayo mabanga yo kurongora uwo muryango mu kiringo c’umwaka wose kuwa 31 Gitugutu 2024, mu nama igira 23 y’abakuru b’ibihugu n’amareta agize uwo muryango izobera i Bujumbura.
COMESA : Umuryango wagutse
Uno munsi umuryango w’isoko rusangi yo mukarere ka afrika y’ubuseruko n’ubumanuko, COMESA, ugizwe n’ibihugu n’amareta 21, arivyo :
- Mukarere k’ibiyaga binini :
Uburundi : bwinjiye kuva kuwa 21 / 12/ 1981; Kenya : kuva kuwa 21 / 12/ 1981
Malawi : kuva kuwa 21 /12/1981; Urwanda : kuva kuwa 21 /12/ 1981 ;
Ouganda : kuva kuwa 21 /12/ 1981.
- Mw’ihembe rya Afrika :
Djibouti : kuva kuwa 21/ 12 / 1981; Érythrée : kuva 1994 ; Éthiopie : kuva kuwa 21/12 /1981 ; Somalie : kuva kuwa 21 /12/ 1981 , no kuva kuwa 19 /07/ 2018 . - muri Afrika yo mu buraruko :
Égypte : kuva kuwa 6 / 01/ 1999 ; Libye : kuva kuwa 3 / 06 / 2005 ; Soudan : kuva kuwa 21 /12/ 1981; Tunisie : kuva kuwa 18 /07/ 2018 .
- Mw’ibahari Indiyano :
Comores : kuva kuwa 21 /12/ 1981; Maurice : kuva kuwa 21 /12/ 1981;
Seychelles : kuva 2001
- Muri Afrika yo mu bumanuko :
Swaziland : kuva kuwa 21 /12/ 1981 , Zambie : kuva kuwa 21 /12/ 1981
Zimbabwe : kuva kuwa 21 /12/ 1981
- Muri Afrika yo hagati :
Republika iharanira intwaro rusangi ya Congo RDC : yinjiye kuwa 21 /12/ 1981
Uturusho ni twinshi ku bihugu biri mu muryango wa COMESA
Kwinjira mu muryango w’isoko rusangi yo mukarere ka afrika y’ubuseruko n’ubumanuko, COMESA, bifise uturusho tutari duke . Muri two harimwo :
- Gutezimbere uburaro n’inyubako ;
- gutsimbataza iterambere ridakumira, imibano, uburimyi, amahinguriro, n’igisata c’abikorera utwabo ;
- kugira ubwigenge bwo guhanahana ibidandazwa mu bihugu bigize akarere;
- kworoherezwa mukwinjiza ibidandazwa ; mu kindi gihugu kiri muri COMESA ( union douanière.)
- gukoresha ifaranga rimwe mu bihugu bigize umuryango
- kworoherezwa no kugira ubwigenge bwo kwinjira no kugerera mu gihugu cose kiri mu muryango, ugiye gutembera, gukorerayo canke kubayo, ukoresheje Ikarata VISA imwe ya COMESA.
Ihangiro ry’umuryango wa COMESA
Biturutse kuri kahise k’ibihugu biri mw’uyo muryango, vyagiye bihura n’ihungabana ry’ubutunzi,COMESA waciye wiha ihangiro ryo kuba umuryango ukomeye , wagutse mu vy’ubutunzi n’ubudandaji, Ushobora guhangana n’intambanyi zishingiye kubibazo vy’ubutunzi, mu guharanira iterambere rirama hose no kuri bose, haba mu kare eka ndetse no kwisi yose. nkuko kubikesha urubuga ngurukanabumenyi rwa COMESA.
Mu mwaka wa 2008, COMESA waremeye ko habaho akarere kagutse ko guhana hana ibidandazwa , hagati y’ibihugu biri muri COMESA, n’ibihugu biri mu muryango wa Afrika y’ubuseruko ( EAC ) , kumwe n’ibihugu biri mumuryango wa Afrika yo mu bumanuko ( SADC ). COMESA ukaba utegekanya n’umugambi wo gushiraho uruhusha rumwe VISA ruzokoreshwa mu bihugu vyose biri mu muryango, mu ntumbero yo gutsimbataza igisata c’ingenzi mukarere k’ibihugu bigize uyo muryango wa COMESA
ZLE : Zone de libre-échange ( kworohereza no gukuraho amakori n’amatagisi )
Mu mwaka wa 2000 ibihugu icenda biri mu biri mu muryango wa COMESA ( Djibouti, Égypte, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Maurice, Soudan, Zambie na Zimbabwe ), vyagiye hamwe bishiraho ico bise zone de libre-échange ( ZLE) n’ukuvuga ko vyumvikanye kworohereza no gukuraho amakori kubidandazwa bikomotse mu muryango wa COMESA, mu ntumbero yo kworohereza uguhanahana ibidandazwa. Uburundi kwumwe n’Urwanda, bikaba vyinjiye muri ZLE mu mwaka wa 2004; Comores na Libye vyinjiye mu 2006 ; Seychelles mu 2009 ; nayo Tunisie na Somalie vyo vyinjiye muri ZLE mu 2018 .
Ibisata bikomoka kuri COMESA
Mu ntumbero yo gutsimbataza iterambere rirama kuri bose, umuryango wa COMESA warashizeho ibisata bitandukanye. Muri vyo harimwo :
- Ibanki y’ubudandaji n’iterambere : PTA Bank (Eastern and Southern African Trade and Development Bank) : iri i Bujumbura , Burundi ;
- Ikigo co guhana hana ibidandazwa : (Centre d’échange du COMESA ) : kiri i Harare muri Zimbabwe ;
- Ishirahamwe ry’amabanki y’ubudandaji ya COMESA (L’Association des banques commerciales du COMESA ) rifise icicaro i Harare muri Zimbabwe ;
- Ikigo coguhingura insato ( L’Institut du cuir du COMESA ) : kiri i Addis-Abeba muri Éthiopie ;
- ishirahamwe ryo gutegekaniriza kazoza ( Compagnie de réassurance du COMESA (ZEP-RE) ) rifise icicaro i Nairobi, muri Kenya ;
- Ikigo co mu karere co gushigikira abanyamitahe ( L’Agence régionale d’investissement : kiri i Kayiro, muri Égypte ;
- Mugambi COMTEL, wo gushiraho ikigo cogutumatumanako mukarere ka COMESA .
Ivyo vyose bica bituma Umuryango wa COMESA winjiza umwimbu ( PIB ) ungana n’ imiliaridi 805 z’amadollari y’abanyamerika, ku mwaka, kumwe n’isoko y’ubudandaji mpuzamakungu yo kwinjiza no gusohora ibidandazwa , iri kugaciro k’imiliyaridi 324 z’amadorari y’abanyamerika, ihuza gushika uno munsi, abaguzi barenga imilioni 500, bava mu bihugu n’amareta mirongo ibiri na kimwe. 21, k’uburinganire bupima ibikirometero kwadarato imilioni 12 , n’ukuvuga hafi bibiri vya bitatu vy’uburinganire bwa Afrika yose.
